RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de síndrome de burnout grave em profissionais de terapia intensiva e correlacioná-la com o engajamento com o trabalho. Métodos: Foi distribuído um questionário autoaplicável que incluía o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach, a Escala de Depressão Ansiedade e Estresse e o questionário Gallup. Todas as análises foram estratificadas por local de trabalho (unidade de terapia intensiva ou unidade semi-intensiva) e por grupo profissional (enfermeiros versus médicos versus fisioterapeutas). Resultados: Entre fevereiro de 2017 e junho de 2017, 206 dos 325 profissionais convidados (63,4%) responderam aos questionários. Destes, 55 eram médicos (26,7%), 88 eram fisioterapeutas (42,7%) e 63 eram enfermeiros (30,6%). A frequência de burnout grave foi de 34,3% (27,9 - 41,4%), e não se identificaram diferenças entre os grupos profissionais ou locais de trabalho. A frequência de casos graves ou muito graves de depressão, ansiedade ou estresse foi de 12,9%, 11,4% e 10,5%, respectivamente. O escore mediano (intervalo interquartil) observado pelo questionário Gallup foi 41 (34 - 48), e não se observaram diferenças entre os grupos profissionais ou locais de trabalho. Houve correlação negativa entre burnout e engajamento com o trabalho (r = -0,148; p = 0,035). Conclusão: A frequência de burnout grave foi elevada entre os profissionais de saúde que trabalham na unidade de terapia intensiva e na unidade semi-intensiva. Existe uma correlação negativa entre burnout e engajamento com o trabalho.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the frequency of severe burnout syndrome among critical care providers and to correlate it with work engagement. Methods: A self-administered survey including the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, and Gallup questionnaire was distributed. All analyses were stratified by setting (intensive care unit or step-down unit) and by professional group (nurses versus physicians versus physiotherapists). Results: Between February 2017 and June 2017, 206 out of 325 invited professionals (63.4%) answered the questionnaires. Of these, 55 were physicians (26.7%), 88 were physiotherapists (42.7%) and 63 were nurses (30.6%). The frequency of severe burnout was 34.3% (27.9 - 41.4%), and no difference was found between professional groups or settings. The frequency of severe or very severe cases of depression, anxiety or stress was 12.9%, 11.4% and 10.5%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) score observed on the Gallup questionnaire was 41 (34 - 48), and no differences were found between professional groups or settings. There was a negative correlation between burnout and work engagement (r = -0.148; p = 0.035). Conclusion: There is a high frequency of severe burnout among critical care providers working in the intensive care unit and step-down unit. There was a negative correlation between burnout and work engagement.

Objective: A first-degree relative affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in childhood is an important risk factor for developing the disorder in adulthood. The relationship between a family history of OCD and the presence of OCS and its correlates in childhood is not well established. Methods: A total of 66 children whose parents or siblings have been diagnosed with OCD were assessed for the presence of OCS and clinical correlates. Results: Three children (4.5%) were reported to have received an OCD diagnosis and another 26 (39.4%) were identified as having OCS. Children with OCS had higher rates of coercive behavior and came from families with lower socioeconomic status. Contamination/cleaning dimension symptoms in the proband were associated with OCS in the assessed children. Conclusion: OCS are frequent among family members of individuals with OCD and are associated with socioeconomic status, coercive behaviors and proband contamination/cleaning symptoms. Future longitudinal studies should test the risk of developing OCD in association with these characteristics.

Abstract Background: Studies found inconsistent frequencies of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) (9.7%-50%). Previous reports did not test the impact of applying DSM-IV restrictive criteria that recommends the exclusion of secondary cases when diagnosing SAD in PD. Objective: Our aim is to estimate the frequency of social anxiety according to DSM-IV criteria and according to an inclusive broader approach. Methods: One hundred and ten PD patients were assessed for the presence of SAD using SCID-I, diagnosis of social anxiety were determined according to two different criteria: following and not following DSM-IV recommendation for exclusion of cases though to be secondary to a general medical condition. Results: SAD was present in 34 (31%) of patients, but 17 (15.5%) were secondary to a general medical condition. Patients with SAD were significantly younger, had earlier disease onset, had more severe PD symptoms, and were more frequently depressed. There was no difference in demographic and clinical features between primary and secondary SAD. Discussion: We conclude that the use of different diagnostic criteria may have a massive impact in the estimation of frequency of SAD in PD.

Objetivo : Testar a hipótese que a gravidade do prejuízo cognitivo modifica a associação entre depressão e doença de Parkinson (DP). Método : Estudo populacional através da análise secundária de 1.451 pessoas com idade maior ou igual a 65 anos com prejuízo cognitivo que residiam em áreas de abrangência definidas. A depressão foi estimada de acordo com a CID-10, auto-relato de DP, incapacidade conforme a WHODAS-II e nível cognitvo de acordo com a CSI-D. Resultado : A média de idade foi 79,3 anos, predominaram as mulheres (69%). Do total de indivíduos, 16,1% tinham depressão, significantemente maior entre os participantes com DP. Houve aumento gradativo na OR relativa à associação entre depressão e DP com a diminuição do escore no teste cognitivo (OR ajustado variou de 0,98 a 8,04). Conclusão : A associação entre depressão e DP parece aumentar com a gravidade do prejuízo cognitivo.

Objective : To test the hypothesis that severity of cognitive impairment modifies the association between depression and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method : One-phase population-based door-to-door surveys. This is a secondary analysis of 1,451 people aged 65 years and older with cognitive impairment living in defined catchment areas. Depression was estimated according to ICD-10, self-reported PD, disability according to WHODAS-II and cognitive status according to the CSI-D. Results : The mean age of the sample was 79.3 years old and most (69%) were women. Of the total sample, 16.1% had depression and it was significantly higher among participants with PD. There was an increase on the ORs of the association between depression and PD with decreased scores in the cognitive test (Adjusted OR from 0.98 to 8.04). Conclusion : The association between depression and PD increases with the severity of the cognitive impairment.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, often associated with other psychiatric comorbidities, functional impairments, and poor long-term outcomes. The objective of this selected review is to describe current advances and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. The disorder is associated with neurobiological underpinnings and is highly heterogeneous in various aspects, such as symptom profiles, cognitive impairments, and neurobiological and genetic features. The efficacy and safety of short-term pharmacological treatments across the life cycle is well studied, but further research investigating long-term treatment, impact of treatment in preschoolers, and non-pharmacological interventions is needed. Future research is also needed to better characterize the neurodevelopmental pathways of the disorder, linking clinical and neurobiological information, less investigated populations, and new interventions.

OBJETIVO: Prejuízos em memória de trabalho são comuns na esquizofrenia e possíveis causas de múltiplas características do transtorno. Entretanto, poucos estudos reproduziram achados de padrões específicos de déficits em amostras brasileiras de pacientes com esquizofrenia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a memória de trabalho auditiva e visual na esquizofrenia, verificar se estas habilidades operam como dois sistemas separados, e relacionar possíveis déficits de memória de trabalho com habilidades de funções executivas. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 20 indivíduos com esquizofrenia e 20 indivíduos saudáveis pareados quanto a sexo, idade e escolaridade. As habilidades avaliadas foram memória de trabalho auditiva e visual, atenção seletiva, controle inibitório, flexibilidade cognitiva e planejamento. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes demonstraram prejuízos em todas as medidas dos testes, exceto em tempo de reação de controle inibitório. Pacientes apresentaram significante correlação entre MT auditiva com medidas de atenção seletiva, controle inibitório, flexibilidade e planejamento. Memória de trabalho visual apresentou correlações com planejamento e flexibilidade. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que déficits em memória de trabalho e funções executivas estão presentes em pacientes esquizofrênicos na amostra brasileira avaliada. Alterações nas funções executivas podem levar a incapacidade de adequadas operações de memória de trabalho. Esses achados podem contribuir no delineamento de novos procedimentos de intervenção na esquizofrenia em populações brasileiras.

OBJECTIVE: Working memory impairment is common in schizophrenia and is possibly a cause of multiple features of the disorder. However few studies have replicated such findings of impairment patterns in Brazilian samples. The main target of this study was to assess auditory and visual working memory in patients with schizophrenia, to assess if they work as separate systems, and to correlate working memory deficits with executive functions. METHOD: Twenty subjects with schizophrenia and twenty healthy subjects matched by gender, age, and schooling have participated. The abilities assessed were auditory and visual working memory, selective attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and planning. RESULTS: Patients showed declines in all measures evaluated, except for a measure reaction time of inhibitory control. Auditory working memory was correlated to selective attention, inhibition, flexibility and planning while Visual working memory to planning and flexibility. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that working memory and executive functions deficits are present in patients with schizophrenia in the Brazilian sample evaluated. Alterations in executive functions may lead to incapacity of operation of processes of working memory. These findings may contribute to delineate and develop new strategies of schizophrenia treatment in the Brazilian population.